Toward value co-creation in manufacturing and servicing

This paper surveys a prospect in manufacturing and service innovation by proposing a new concept of value co-creation. Starting with discussion of the analysis of existing things and the synthesis of new artifacts, a value-creation model is introduced based on the concept of emergent synthesis. The value-creation model includes three classes: Providing Value (Class I), Adaptive Value (Class II) and Co-creative Value (Class III). Class III is a novel concept to extend the value by co-creation among producers (providers) and customers (receivers). This paper also suggests a theoretical importance of the network externality which is a social effect on customer's utility, by showing a study example on value-creation in the market.