Thick target for high-power ISOL facilities

The future frontier of the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) method is to increase the intensity of the Radioactive Isotope Beams (RIB) by many orders of magnitude in order to satisfy challenging experiments such as Rn-Electric Dipole Moment, Fr-Parity Non Conservation… and in general for radiative proton-capture relevant for nuclear astrophysics processes. The most direct method to obtain higher RIB intensity is to increase the driver beam intensity. New techniques were developed such as composite targets, where the target material is deposited onto a high thermal conductive substrate allowing a better heat dissipation. Combined with high-power target using radial finned for radiative cooling, these targets are capable of dissipating up to 20 kW depending on the target material operating temperature. Another method to increase RIB intensity is the use of indirect ISOL method, where secondary particle beam (n or γ) interacts with a fissile target material. By decoupling the power deposition in the system composed of a converter and ISOL target allows for much higher primary beam power. Indirect ISOL-target method permit reach several hundred of kW to MW of driver beam power, allowing the production of intense fission products beams. This paper reviews the thick ISOL target approach for producing intense radioactive ion beams.