Influence of In content on physical properties of β-type TiNbZrIn powders prepared by mechanical alloying

We report on the influence of indium (abbreviated as In hereafter) content on physical properties of β-type Ti-28Nb-2Zr-xIn (x = 2, 4, 8 and 12 wt%) powders prepared by mechanical alloying and provide fundamental insight into their underlying densification behaviors. Results show that although the In elements can completely be dissolved into the lattice of Ti to form β-type solid solutions, the significant increase in the lattice parameter of β-Ti phase, average particle size, crystalline defects' content and thus exothermic enthalpy, together with the decrease in grain size, are found for the four alloyed powders with the increased In content. Interestingly, this causes the insignificant differences and significant increases in displacement and instantaneous densification rate at the demarcation point of about 500 °C. The results may provide significant insight into the composition design of biomedical β-type titanium alloys.