The influence of incorporating a forecutter on the performance of offshore pipeline ploughs

▸ Comparison of offshore pipeline plough performance with and without a forecutter. ▸ Passive resistance does not vary with relative density to the same degree as previously thought. ▸ Forecutters increase passive resistance but reduce rate effects. ▸ In fine and silty sands forecutter inclusion appears beneficial at various depths. ▸ Incorporation of a forecutter needs to consider trench depth and soil permeability.