Seismic vulnerability of natural gas pipelines

• The seismic vulnerability of natural gas pipelines is analyzed.
• A collection of data for pipelines damaged by earthquake is given.
• Damage states and risk states for pipelines are defined.
• Consequence-based fragility formulations for the loss of containment are given
• Seismic threshold values for public authority, risk assessment and gas distribution are shown.

This work deals with the analysis of the interaction of earthquakes with pipelines transporting and distributing natural gas for industrial and civil use. To this aim, a new large data-set of seismic information classified on the basis of selected seismological, geotechnical and structural parameters is presented and analyzed. Particular attention is devoted to continuous pipelines under strong ground shaking, which is the geotechnical effect due to passage of waves in soil.Results are provided in terms of the likelihood of the loss of containment with respect to Peak Ground Velocity (PGV), a seismic intensity parameter which may be easily retrieved either from local authorities and public databases or from site dependent hazard analysis.Fragility functions and seismic intensity threshold values for the failure and for the loss of containment of gas from pipeline systems are also given.The obtained functions can be easily implemented in existing codes and guidelines for industrial risk assessment, land-use planning, and for the design of public distribution network, with specific reference to Natural—Technological interaction (Na-Tech).