Wind resources and the levelized cost of wind generated electricity in the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago

Affordable renewable energy is one key criterion for the long-term economic growth of Caribbean small island countries. The southernmost Caribbean islands, Trinidad and Tobago, have one of the lowest electricity rates in the region due to an indigenous source of hydrocarbons. In this study, technical and economic assessments were conducted to determine the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) generation from the wind in these Caribbean islands. The assessments used extrapolations of 10 m level wind data sets for the two sites with long-term measurements (1989-2009), Crown Point and Piarco, and wind turbine characteristics of eight wind energy conversion systems ranging from 20 kW to 3050 kW. The annual average wind speeds at the 80 m height above ground were estimated to be 6.93 m/s and 5.86 m/s at Crown Point and Piarco, respectively, while corresponding estimates of wind power densities were 381 W m−2 and 296 W m−2. The projected LCOEs for the large wind turbines, 1500 kW and greater, were less than the current subsidized residential tariff of US /$0.06/kWh. The Goldwind 1.5/87 1500 kW model produced the lowest LCOEs, US$0.031-US$0.039/kWh. The large wind turbines also have projected capacity factors in the range 0.22-0.39. Electricity generation from wind energy through the use of tall, large contemporary wind turbines could therefore be cost-competitive with electricity generation from hydrocarbons and is not prohibitively expensive as it is currently perceived. These results support government initiatives for large-scale wind farm developments as one avenue for diversifying the energy mix.