The causal relationship between biomass energy use and economic growth in the United States

This paper examines the causality relations among economic growth, biomass energy consumption, employment and capital in the U.S between 1961 and 2011. Using the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, long and short run relationships among the variables are estimated. Long run and short run coefficients indicate that biomass energy consumption has positive impacts on economic growth for the U.S. In addition, the Granger causality results illustrate that unidirectional causality from biomass energy consumption to real GDP supportive of the growth hypothesis.