Magnetic properties, phase and microstructure of direct cast Nd9.5Febal.Co10MB15 rod magnets

► Amorphous phase of directly cast Co-containing Nd-Fe-B magnet was reduced by cosubstituting refractory elements. ► Crystallization of directly cast Co-containing Nd-Fe-B magnet was researched by calculating the average activation energies. ► Microstructure of the directly cast Nd9.5Febal.Co10MB15 (M=Ti2.5Zr0.5, Ti2.5Nb0.5, Zr2.5Nb0.5, Nb2.5Zr0.5) magnets is studied systematically.