QIM blind video watermarking scheme based on Wavelet transform and principal component analysis

In this paper, a blind scheme for digital video watermarking is proposed. The security of the scheme is established by using one secret key in the retrieval of the watermark. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is applied on each video frame decomposing it into a number of sub-bands. Maximum entropy blocks are selected and transformed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) is used to quantize the maximum coefficient of the PCA blocks of each sub-band. Then, the watermark is embedded into the selected suitable quantizer values. The proposed scheme is tested using a number of video sequences. Experimental results show high imperceptibility. The computed average PSNR exceeds 45 dB. Finally, the scheme is applied on two medical videos. The proposed scheme shows high robustness against several attacks such as JPEG coding, Gaussian noise addition, histogram equalization, gamma correction, and contrast adjustment in both cases of regular videos and medical videos.