Comparison of the Color Glass Condensate to multiplicity dependence of the average transverse momentum in p+p, p+Pb and Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC

The first moment 〈pT〉 of the charged-particle transverse momentum spectrum and its correlation with the charged-particle multiplicity Nch provide vital information about the underlying particle production mechanism. The ALICE Collaboration recently reported that 〈pT〉 versus Nch in Pb+Pb collisions is smaller than in p+p and p+Pb collisions. Other interesting features of data is rather flatness of 〈pT〉 at high Nch in Pb+Pb and p+Pb collisions in seemingly striking contrast to the case of p+p collisions. With a detailed calculation, we show all these peculiar features in a wide range of energies and system sizes can be well described by the idea of gluon saturation within the Color Glass Condensate framework using the kT-factorization. This establishes an important fact that the bulk of the produced particles in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC carries signature of the initial stage of collisions. We also show that the recent scaling property seen by the CMS Collaboration between the number of tracks in p+p and p+Pb collisions may provide a strong evidence in favor of geometric-scaling phenomenon and gluon saturation, indicating that the underlying dynamics of high multiplicity events in p+p and p+Pb collisions should be similar.