Nuclear thermodynamics and the in-medium chiral condensate

The temperature dependence of the chiral condensate in isospin-symmetric nuclear matter at varying baryon density is investigated using thermal in-medium chiral effective field theory. This framework provides a realistic approach to the thermodynamics of the correlated nuclear many-body system and permits calculating systematically the pion-mass dependence of the free energy per particle. One- and two-pion exchange processes, Δ(1232)-isobar excitations, Pauli-blocking corrections and three-body correlations are treated up to and including three loops in the expansion of the free energy density. It is found that nuclear matter remains in the Nambu-Goldstone phase with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry in the temperature range T≲100 MeV and at baryon densities at least up to about twice the density of normal nuclear matter, 2ρ0≃0.3 fm−3. Effects of the nuclear liquid-gas phase transition on the chiral condensate at low temperatures are also discussed.