Tensile and shear strength of bimaterial interfaces within composite materials

The determination of the tensile and shear strengths of homogeneous materials can be easily performed by standard tensile and shear (e.g. Iosipescu) tests. Nevertheless, when the determination of these strengths involves a bimaterial interface, the standard samples present bimaterial corner configurations at their free-edges which generate singular stress fields. In the presence of these singular stress fields, the tensile and shear stress distributions are strongly non-uniform at these edges, where failure initiates and propagates along the bimaterial interface. The apparent strength obtained from these tests is not representative of the regularized strength of the bimaterial interface. To eliminate the stress singularities, a small notch is made on one of the materials along the interface perimeter, in this study. This idea, originally proposed by Lauke and Barroso (Compos. Interface, 18:661-669, 2011) for ascertaining tensile strength, is now adapted to ascertain shear strength, using a modified geometry of the Iosipescu sample, and it has also been generalized to configurations involving composite materials. Both proposals, for the tensile and shear tests, are performed using the bimaterial configuration of a composite and an adhesive; a bimaterial interface which typically appears in adhesive joints with composites. The local notch geometry is defined using semi-analytical tools developed by the authors and numerically verified by Finite Element models. The modified bimaterial geometries, tested under tension, demonstrated a higher tensile strength. However, the modified bimaterial geometries tested in shear did not show any clear influence over the failure load with or without the notch in the particular bimaterial configuration tested in this study.