Liver fire invading the lung: Theoretical basis, identification and treatment

Liver fire invading the lung (also called wood-fire torturing metal) is widely seen in various respiratory diseases. In order to understand this pattern well, from the perspective of the five elements theory and zang-fu theory in Chinese Medicine, we systematically reviewed and discussed the physiological and functional characteristics of the liver and lung, the liver-lung relationship, the pathogenesis and identification of the pattern, as well as the commonly used basic formulas for the treatment of this pattern, including White-Draining Powder (Xiè Bái Săn, 泻白散), Liver Heat-Dissolving Decoction (Huà Gān Jiān, 化肝煎), Indigo and Clam Shell Powder (Dài Gé Săn, 黛蛤散) and Hemoptysis-Relieving Formula (Ké Xuè Fāng, 咳血方). Two examples of clinical modifications of these formulas in the treatment of hemoptysis and asthma are provided in this article. It should be noted that in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, these formulas should be used flexibly, and modified in accordance to the condition of the patient.