Mineral fertilizer alters cellulolytic community structure and suppresses soil cellobiohydrolase activity in a long-term fertilization experiment

► Long-term mineral fertilization increased soil organic C. ► Long-term mineral fertilization reduced soil respiration and CBH activity. ► CBH activity was significantly correlated with diversity of cellulolytic fungi. ► CBH activity was significantly correlated with community structure of cellulolytic fungi. ► C storage may be mediated by a specific functional microbial group in arable soil.