A model for the evolution of parasite–host interactions based on the Maculinea–Myrmica system: Numerical simulations and multiple host behavior

We present a mathematical model of parasite–host interactions inspired by the Maculinea–Myrmica system. Numerical simulations of the model were conducted in order to access the possibility of stable multiple host behavior in the model. Results indicate that multiple host behavior can be observed under natural conditions, although a division of the original parasite population into separate subpopulations, each adapted to one distinct host, is expected. Transitions from single to multiple host behavior are expected to occur if the relative host species abundances change or host’s tolerance increases. Further model development and analysis are required to extend these results.