The Microbiome and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future

- Microbiome alterations are associated with infection, GVHD, and other adverse transplant outcomes.
- “Multiomic” technologies may better identify clinically actionable microbiome biomarkers.
- Functional microbial characterization may improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
- Knowledge gaps persist in chronic GVHD and extraintestinal microbiome-host interactions.
- Multi-institutional studies and data collection expansion will maximize microbiome research impact.