Accurate detection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in tissue and urine by means of quantitative GDF15, TMEFF2 and VIM promoter methylation

GDF15, TMEFF2 and VIM promoter methylation allows for accurate identification of UTUC, in tissue and urine and VIM methylation provides relevant prognostic information, especially in high-stage disease. This assay may improve the clinical management of UTUC patients.