On the development, morphology and function of the temporomandibular joint in the light of the orofacial system

The temporomandibular joint has a key role in the biocybernetic functional cycle of the orofacial system. It has developed as a “secondary joint” and displays a number of features relating to the articular tubercle, the mandibular condyle, the articular disc, the joint cartilage and the retroarticular pad. The joint cartilage of the mandibular condyle is a primary compensatory growth centre also comprising distant effects. The coordinate course of the mandibular movements is controlled by a complex reflex mechanism and neuronal controller cycles. Morphology, function and clinical aspects are of equal interest to both physicians and dentists.