Increased expression of mGITRL on D2SC/1 cells by particulate β-glucan impairs the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and enhances the effector T cell proliferation

► The particulate yeast-derived β-glucans activate dendritic cell line D2SC cells by Syk kinase pathway. ► The particulate yeast-derived β-glucans increase mGITRL expression on D2SC cells in a dose-dependent manner. ► The up-regulated GITRL on D2SC cells could enhance the proliferation of effector T cells and impair the suppression of regulatory T cells.