Photorefractive spatial solitons caused by luminescence of Nd-doped calcium barium niobate

The photorefractive spatial solitons caused by the interaction of pump beam and luminescence in Nd-doped calcium barium niobate (Nd:CBN)(Nd:CBN) crystals were studied in this paper. It is clearly that the profile of pump light is wrapped with the profile of luminescence. There is the trend of the profile of pump light close to the profile of luminescence. We attribute it to the following aspects: Firstly, the high frequency photon excited by luminescence is more easily absorbed by material; Secondly, the luminescence worked as background promoted the formation of photorefractive spatial solitons. In order to verify this phenomenon, we conducted a numerical simulation. The experiment and the simulation show fairly good agreement.