Shox2 function couples neural, muscular and skeletal development in the proximal forelimb

► Genes downstream of SHOX2 during forelimb development were identified. ► These genes indicated a role for Shox2 in neural and muscular patterning in the proximal forelimb. ►Shox2-mutants were found to lack dorsal innervation of the forelimbs. ►The patterning of the triceps muscles was also aberrant in Shox2 mutants.