Highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber with a squeezed core and small modal area

An index guiding photonic crystal fiber with a squeezed core is proposed and properties, including birefringence and effective modal area, are numerically analyzed using the multipole method. Numerical results show that high birefringence of 1.544 × 10−2 and a small modal area of 2.39 μm2 are achieved at 1.55 μm simultaneously. Moreover, impacts of hole spacing and hole size on birefringence and effective modal area are also investigated in detail.