Ground-penetrating radar for soil and underground pipelines using the forward modeling simulation method

Ground-penetrating radar was simulated using the FDTD method with uniaxial anisotropic perfectly matched layers as absorbing boundary conditions. To study underground pipeline detection, the electromagnetic response properties of underground pipelines, under known soil conditions, were determined. Pipelines at different depths and with different diameters and different compositions were simulated and researched for their response. The simulation results were consistent with research and analysis, i.e., the deviation was in an acceptable range. This research is of great value to guide the detection of pipelines in cities and to explain the detection of materials underground.