Application of 2D graded eye-shape scatterers for slow light effect in photonic crystal line defect waveguide

With operating frequency f = 1thz, two-dimensional (2D) graded eye-shape scatterers were firstly applied into photonic crystal waveguide (PCW) for slow light effect in two ways: (1) selecting group index ng from 31.4 to 95.0, low-dispersion bandwidth (ng varies within a 10% range) was got from 0.736 μm to 2.334 μm, and ultralow-dispersion bandwidth (ng varies within a 1% range) was got from 0.438 μm to 0.945 μm by grading the eye-shape scatterers along the longitudinal direction; (2) selecting group index ng from 32.1 to 98.3, low-dispersion bandwidth was got from 0.559 μm to 1.765 μm, and ultralow-dispersion bandwidth was got from 0.296 μm to 0.661 μm by grading the eye-shape scatterers along the transverse direction. The 2D graded structures can also used in asymmetrical structures and heterostructures for slow light effect.