Modified Norris–Reynolds One–Equation Model

A modified version of Norris–Reynolds (NR) k–equation turbulence model is proposed to account for the distinct effects of low– Reynolds number (LRN) and wall proximity. The turbulent kinetic energy k and the dissipation rate E are evaluated using the k–transport equation in conjunction with the Bradshaw and other empirical relations. The eddy–viscosity formulation maintains the positivity of normal Reynolds stresses and preserves the anisotropic characteristics of turbulence in the sense that they are sensitized to rotational and non–equilibrium flows. The modified NR (MNR) model is validated against well–documented flow cases yielding predictions in good agreement with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experimental data. Comparisons indicate that the MNR model offers some improvement over the original NR model and competitiveness with the Spalart–Allmaras one–equation model.