Alkyd Based Resin from Non-drying Oil

Palm oil-based alkyd resins were synthesized by alcoholoysis and esterification reactions. Calcium oxide was used as a catalyst for the alcoholysis reaction between palm oil and glycerin. Esterification process was carried out by using phthalic anhydride and maleic anhydride. Physico-chemical properties of the resins such as density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value, saponification value, specific gravity, and moisture content were measured following ASTM and standard methods. The structural confirmation and hydrogen density of the prepared resins were determined by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. Molecular weight of the resins was determined by using gel permeation chromatography. The curing process involved heating at 140oC, without using any organic solvent in the presence of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and cobalt-napthenate. ASTM methods were followed to measure the gloss, hardness and chemical resistivity of the resins. Temperature behaviors were observed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Produced resins were found thermally stable (up to 300oC). The variations of the properties were noticed due to the types of anhydrides in terms of molecular weight, thermal and chemical resistivity of the resins, although the other properties were found close to each other. Overall, the reported properties are found suitable for the materials to be used for surface coating applications.