Stała stymulacja serca u dzieci - wskazania, techniki implantacji oraz powikłania

The electrotherapy in pediatric patients dates from the early 60s of the twentieth century. Cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmias may be associated with inflammation, congenital heart disease, cardiac surgery in the past, and autoimmune disease in mother (antibodies SS-A, SS-B). In past years, electrodes have been implanted epicardial manner, almost exclusively. Nowadays, this method is rather preferred in the youngest children with slight body size, complicated cardiac deformities, right-to-left intracardiac shunting or in the post-operative absence of venous access to the right heart. Increasing number of transvenous implantations is performed because of technological progress, miniaturizaion and more advanced operator experience. However, development of the young organism, intensive physical activity of the children and sometimes improper implantation technique may lead to serious complications. In our article we would like to summarize the present knowledge of indications, implantation techniques and complications management of electrotherapy in children.