Effects of estradiol on lactoprivic signaling of the hindbrain upon the contraregulatory hormonal response and metabolic neuropeptide synthesis in hypoglycemic female rats

Distinct physiological patterns of E secretion characteristic of the female rat estrous cycle elicit differential corticosterone outflow during hypoglycemia, and establish both common and different hypothalamic metabolic neurotransmitter targets of hindbrain lactate deficit signaling. Outcomes emphasize a need for insight on systems-level organization, interaction, and involvement of E signal strength-sensitive neuropeptides in counter-regulatory functions.