Anticancer mechanism of Sinapic acid in PC-3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines

Sinapic acid (SA) is a derivative of hydroxycinnamic acid and found in various vegetables and fruit species. Aim was to evaluate the anticancer effects of SA in PC-3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. The effect of SA on cell viability was determined using XTT assay. Expressions of 8 genes for apoptosis and 6 genes for metastasis were evaluated by qPCR. Caspase-3 activity was determined using caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit. Effect of SA on cell invasion was evaluated with cell invasion assay. The IC50 dose of SA in PC-3 and LNCaP cells was found to be 1000 μM for 72 h. SA treatment increased the expression of BAX, CASP3, CASP8, CYCS, FAS, TIMP-1 and CDH1 however significantly decreased the expression of MMP-9 in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, the expressions of BAX, CASP3, CASP7 and CYCS were significantly elevated; however, a decrease was seen in the expressions of CDH2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the SA treatment. Moreover, SA significantly increased caspase-3 activity and suppressed the cell invasion. In conclusion, it is thought that SA has anticancer effect on prostate cancer cells. However, more detailed studies should be conduct to illuminate molecular mechanism of apoptotic and antimetastatic activity of SA.