Erythropoietin alleviates hyperglycaemia-associated inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization via the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway

EPO treatment alleviated the inflammatory reaction in DM mice and inhibited M1 polarization through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Moreover, EPO treatment promoted the tube formation ability of ECs in a VEGF-dependent manner and decreased the production of adhesion molecules, a vasodilator and a vasoconstrictor.