Magnetic resonance venography and three-dimensional image fusion guidance provide a novel paradigm for endovascular recanalization of chronic central venous occlusion

MRV image fusion is feasible and may improve success, safety, and the surgeon's confidence during CVO recanalization. Similar to arterial interventions, three-dimensional MRV imaging and image fusion techniques could foster innovative solutions for such complex venous interventions and have the potential to affect a great number of patients.