Psychophysical measurement of the effects and non-effects of TMS on contrast perception

- Compared the effects of four TMS protocols on neural signals and noise.
- Single pulse TMS suppressed neural signals and repetitive TMS increased neural noise.
- Theta burst stimulation did not affect perceptual task performance.
- Participants differed in TMS susceptibility, determined by phosphene perception.
- Findings suggest systematic inter-protocol and inter-participant differences in TMS effects.