Utility of cone-beam computed tomography angiography for the assessment of vertebral artery dissection

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) has been recognized as a cause of headache and stroke. Accurate evaluation of dissection using several modalities such as catheter-based angiography, CT angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for subsequent management. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare cone-beam computed tomography angiography (CBCT-A) with other image modalities for the evaluation of the detailed structures of VAD. Twenty-five consecutive cases identified as having VAD were included. They underwent catheter-based angiography (2D-digital subtraction angiography [DSA], 3D-DSA, and CBCT-A), CTA, and MRI for the diagnosis of VAD. CBCT-A was performed following conventional angiography. Dissecting lesions were evaluated for the presence of intimal flap/double lumen, wall thickening, and enhancement of outer wall. This study results showed that CBCT-A was the most superior modality to detect intimal flap/double lumen (found in 56% of the cases) due to its high spatial resolution. MRI was superior for the assessment of wall thickening as an intramural hematoma in 76% of the cases. However, wall thickening was detected in 44% of cases using CBCT-A. In 5 cases, enhancement of outer wall was identified only in CBCT-A. In conclusion, CBCT-A provides detailed luminal and wall morphology of VADs. CBCT-A is useful for the accurate diagnosis of VADs.