Management of complications of sacral neuromodulation

Sacral neuromodulation is an effective treatment strategy for fecal incontinence. This is a minimally invasive technique that has significant improvement over medical therapy. Complications related to sacral nerve stimulator placement include pocket complications, lead complications, infection, pain, and lack or loss of efficacy. While most complications can be managed by conservative means including medication or reprogramming, the reoperation rate for sacral nerve stimulation can be as high as 39%, including replacement of a lead, battery, or complete explant of the device. More study is needed to determine the risk factors for these complications and preventative measures.