A three-dimensional data visualization technique for reporting movement pattern deviations

Relative motion plots are the most prevalent method for displaying interjoint coupling. The method, however, is limited when amplitude and timing comparisons of like data are of interest. Another limitation of relative motion plots is that the second parameter (e.g., angle) is included at the expense of a continuous time reference. In this paper, we present a novel method for displaying three-dimensional movement pattern deviations. Parameter–parameter–time data (e.g., knee and hip angle as a function of time) are colorcoded based on the magnitude and direction of the deviation. The color-coded deviations are mapped to an individual's three-dimensional parameter–parameter–time trajectory, resulting in a multi-color, three-dimensional curve depicting how an individual's parameter–parameter–time pattern differs relative to a reference pattern. The algorithmic development of the color-coded parameter–parameter–time display is presented and comparative patient and normative data are reported.