Dentoalveolar effects of nonextraction orthodontic treatment of moderate crowding: A comparison of conventional, active self-ligating, and passive self-ligating bracket systems

Although there were no significant differences between CON and PSL in the patterns of changes for any of the variables studied, ASL showed some differences from either CON or PSL. All three groups showed statistically significant increases in AWs of maxillary or mandibular premolars. Although ASL seemed to have controlled the mandibular incisors better, the results need to be interpreted with caution, as the clinical significance of the differences seen could be limited under certain circumstances.