Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Risk factors for recurrence

We identified independent risk factors for recurrence including age > 50 years, immunosuppression, metasynchronous vaginal or intraepithelial neoplasia, positive excision margins, and adjacent lichen sclerosus or human papilloma-virus. Regardless of treatment modality, 25% of recurrences occurred late, highlighting the need for long-term surveillance in women treated for VIN.