The utility of anti-Müllerian hormone in women with chronic kidney disease, on haemodialysis and after kidney transplantation

Women with renal disease have menstrual and gonadal dysfunction manifesting as hormonal imbalance. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a potential measure of ovarian reserve. We examined circulating AMH concentrations in young women with renal failure, determined associations with clinical characteristics, and compared AMH with age-matched healthy individuals. AMH was measured in 77 women: 26 had chronic kidney disease (CKD), 26 were on haemodialysis (HD), and 25 had a kidney transplant. Random AMH levels were highest in women on HD [HD 2.9 (1.1-5.2), CKD 1.6 (0.7-2.2), transplant 1.5 (1.0-4.2) ng/ml]. On multiple linear regression, AMH was 53% higher [95% CI 0.20-0.98, P = 0.002] in women on HD and decreased by 20% per 5-year increase in age (P < 0.001). AMH was 43% lower in women with renal failure compared with 600 age-matched controls [1.7 (0.9-3.8) versus 3.0 (1.9-5.0) ng/ml, P < 0.001]; however, we found no difference in AMH between those on HD and healthy individuals [2.9 (1.1-5.2) versus 3.0 (1.9-5.0) ng/ml]. AMH may be a useful biomarker in female renal patients with non-dialysis dependent renal disease pursuing pregnancy. In contrast, AMH levels are higher in HD but unlikely to reflect ovarian reserve.