Same-sex relationships and minority stress

• Minority stressors that impact couples originate at multiple ecological levels.
• Most studies focus on the individual outcomes of minority stress.
• Few studies of minority stress and relationships include both couple members.
• Internalized stigma is associated with lower relationship quality.
• Dyadic coping strategies may protect the relationship from minority stress.

Same-sex relationships are stigmatized in a culture that privileges heterosexual relationships. This stigma creates minority stress in the lives of same-sex couples. We review current research on minority stress and same-sex relationships using an ecological framework to conceptualize the sources of minority stress that impact couples. Findings from this review suggest a need for research that moves conceptually and methodologically beyond a focus on the individual to a focus on the dyad and the interpersonal, institutional, and cultural sources of minority stress that affect couple relationships. Focusing on the strengths and resiliencies of same-sex couples will also extend the research. Creating effective dyadic interventions will promote the health and well-being of same-sex couples and their families.