The Discrepancy between Subjective and Objective Measures of Convergence Insufficiency in Whiplash-Associated Disorder versus Control Participants

Visual symptoms suggestive of CI were reported more frequently among WAD patients compared with control participants, yet the incidence of examination findings indicating weakness of convergence was not increased. The discrepancy between subjective and objective measures of CI in WAD patients versus control participants stresses the importance of training healthcare personnel to assess disability using objective, validated standards of examination.