Structural Integrity in the Genu of Corpus Callosum Predicts Conflict-induced Functional Connectivity Between Medial Frontal Cortex and Right Posterior Parietal Cortex

Studies using the flanker task have reported that response conflict is detected by the medial frontal cortex (MFC). As a conflict alert system, the MFC shows enhanced functional communication with task-related regions. Previous studies have revealed individual differences in functional connectivity during cognitive task performance. However, the mechanisms underlying these individual differences remain unclear. In the current study, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded while 30 subjects performed a flanker task that was modified to exclude feature integration and contingency learning. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were collected the day before the EEG session. FCz-P3/4 theta phase synchronization was used to measure functional connectivity between the MFC and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between MFC-PPC conflict-induced theta phase synchronization and white matter integrity in significant regions derived from tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. As expected, MFC-PPC theta phase synchronization was significantly enhanced during conflict, suggesting a conflict-induced functional connectivity. However, these findings were only found in the right hemisphere, which may be related to the asymmetrical role of the bilateral PPC in response conflict processing. Furthermore, hierarchical regression analyses revealed that 44% of individual variability in FCz-P4 conflict-induced theta phase synchronization could be explained by variations in axial diffusivity (AD) in the genu of the corpus callosum (gCC). These results demonstrated that structural integrity in the gCC predicts conflict-induced functional connectivity between the MFC and right PPC.