Traditional uses and local perspectives on baobab (Adansonia digitata) population structure by selected ethnic groups in northern Namibia

The aim of this study was to document local traditional uses on Adansonia digitata (baobab) among the Herero, Ovambo, San and Masubiya ethnic groups in northern Namibia. Data was collected by oral interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 64 respondents were interviewed. Indigenous knowledge on baobab is transferred from older generations to younger generations through word of mouth. The information that was captured includes local traditional use and benefits of baobab, use value, and perceptions on baobab population dynamics. Findings from the current study revealed that baobab uses go beyond provision of food, medicine and spiritual needs in Namibia. It is also used as feed for chicken. The bark was also recorded to be useful as fodder during drought. The fruit is the most used part of the baobab, but the use value of bark was generally high among all ethnic groups. The study revealed that the Ovambo people use more baobab products than the Herero, San and Masubiya communities. Destructive uses of seeds were identified as a factor contributing to the lack of regeneration of baobab. It is recommended that destructive uses of baobab, especially use of seeds, need to be regulated to sustainable levels for conservation of baobab in Namibia. Furthermore, the benefits from the baobab tree need to be promoted in order to fully utilize its potential in improving livelihoods of rural communities in Namibia.