The effect of parental feedback on young athletes’ perceived motivational climate, goal involvement, goal orientation, and performance

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of parental feedback on young competitive athletes’ Perceived Motivational Climate (PMC), goal involvement, goal orientation, and motor performance.DesignA pre-post experimental design was employed where two types of parental feedbacks were delivered to participants, and used as an independent variable (i.e., between subject factor), and pre-post sessions (i.e., Time) were used as a within-subject factor.MethodYoung male soccer players (n = 81) and their parents were randomly assigned to either ego-oriented or task-oriented parental feedback conditions. Players performed six soccer penalty kicks and completed measures of parental PMC, general PMC, goal orientation, and goal involvement prior and after receiving feedback from their parents.ResultsA series of RM mixed model MANOVAs and ANOVAs revealed that parental and general performance PMC, and ego involvement increased significantly among players receiving ego-oriented parental feedback. Players receiving task-oriented parental feedback increased significantly in parental and general mastery PMC, decreased significantly in performance PMC, while also becoming significantly more task-involved and less ego-involved. No pre-to-post between group differences were observed in goal orientation or performance.ConclusionsIn this study, a single parental feedback statement resulted in athletes’ perceptions of PMC and goal involvement changes. The findings were generally consistent with contentions in achievement goal theory (Nicholls, 1984 and Nicholls, 1989) and suggest that parental effects on the young athlete’s motivational climate and goal involvement in sport can be substantial. Implications for parental involvement in youth sport as well as future research directions are further discussed

► Performance PMC increased among players receiving ego-oriented parental feedback.
► Mastery PMC increased among players receiving task-oriented parental feedback.
► Players receiving ego-oriented parental feedback became more ego-involved.
► Players receiving task-oriented parental feedback became more task-involved.
► No pre-to-post differences were observed in goal orientation or performance.