A systemic social-cognitive perspective on doping

ObjectivesThe present article provides a theoretically sound framework (i.e., a social-cognitive approach), using conceptual models and concrete examples, to aid our understanding of why some people dope.DesignRecognizing that sports occur in a social environment, the current article is grounded in social-cognitive theory. Additionally, since many studies investigating doping have attempted to use cause-and-effect or correlational methods, this article emphasized the systemic nature of doping behavior.MethodThe present article succinctly clarifies why some people take greater risks than others (e.g., dope), and specifically discusses the roles of history, obedience to authority, brain development, culture, stereotypes, and reinforcement, as they relate with doping.ResultsAlthough likely possible, it is difficult to provide an example of an effective intervention that adequately addresses the deletion of doping. However, an example based on social-cognitive principles is provided.ConclusionsFuture research that emphasizes a social-cognitive approach to doping is needed. Interventions built from such research likely will lead to effective anti-doping interventions.

► Sports involve reciprocal interactions, these play a role in doping.
► Authority figures, culture, brain development, stereotypes, and reinforcers - doping.
► Current anti-doping interventions are ineffective.
► Future research should emphasize social-cognitive approaches.