Potential risks of pro-eating disorder websites

Although dangers of pro-eating disorder (pro-ED) websites have recently been discussed in the popular press, no integration of research findings on this topic yet exists. After completing a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles about pro-ED websites, we identified three possible risks as themes: operation under the guise of “support,” reinforcement of disordered eating, and prevention of help-seeking and recovery. Pro-ED websites tend to be perceived as supportive by users, but instead appear to exacerbate or maintain users' eating disorder symptoms. We discuss research and clinical implications of these dangers. Future research should clarify how specific features of pro-ED websites contribute to the development, exacerbation, and maintenance of eating pathology, e.g., by employing experimental techniques and prospective designs with clinical samples and various ages. Despite limited empirical research on the topic, existing findings should prompt clinicians, parents, and researchers to remain vigilant about potential negative influences of pro-ED websites on users.

Research Highlights
► We identified 3 themes among studies of pro-eating disorder (pro-ED) websites. ∘ (1) operation under the guise of "support". ∘ (2) reinforcement of disordered eating. ∘ (3) prevention of help-seeking and recovery.
► Pro-ED websites may help maintain or exacerbate users' ED symptoms.
► Clinicians and parents should be aware of the kinds of tips found on pro-ED websites.
► Future research should aim to clarify mechanisms through which pro-ED websites may harm users.