Outcome expectations and realizations as predictors of weight regain among dieters

This prospective study tested whether (a) baseline outcome expectations regarding the benefits of a weight-loss diet, (b) 6-month outcome realizations regarding perceived benefits actually experienced, and/or (c) the interaction between them predicted 6–12-month weight regain among overweight/obese women randomized to one of four popular weight-loss diets (N = 311). Positive 6-month realizations regarding improvements in physical shape and appearance predicted less 6–12-month weight regain among Atkins diet participants only (n = 70), controlling for baseline expectations, the expectations–realization interaction, and initial weight loss. Atkins participants displayed three distinct patterns of regain based on levels of 6-month realizations and initial weight loss. Experimental research should investigate whether improving realizations leads to reduced weight regain in response to this popular diet.

Research Highlights
► Among overweight/obese women assigned to an Atkins diet:
► Positive realizations regarding improved shape/appearance predicted less weight regain.
► Neither expectations nor the expectations-realizations interaction predicted regain.
► Women displayed three patterns of regain based on realizations and initial weight loss.