کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
9087390 1147726 2005 10 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Hydromorphone
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی عصب شناسی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Hydromorphone
چکیده انگلیسی
Hydromorphone is a semi-synthetic opioid that has been used widely for acute pain, chronic cancer pain and to a lesser extent, in chronic nonmalignant pain. Its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been well studied, including immediate release oral preparations, a variety of slow release oral preparations, as well as administration through intravenous, subcutaneous, epidural, intrathecal and other routes. It is known to be metabolized to analgesically inactive metabolites that have been associated with neuroexcitatory states and other toxicity. There is no evidence that hydromorphone has any greater abuse liability than other opioids. Further research is needed to address remaining areas of uncertainty: equianalgesic ratios; relative risk of toxicity compared with other opioids, its use in nonmalignant pain, and the role of specific hydromorophone metabolites in the development of toxicity, particularly in association with organ failure.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management - Volume 29, Issue 5, Supplement, May 2005, Pages 57-66
نویسندگان
, , , , ,