The role of mental imagery in non-clinical paranoia

• We examined the impact of imagery manipulation on paranoia, mood and self-beliefs in people with non-clinical paranoia.
• Positive imagery led to less paranoia and negative affect, and more positive affect, self-esteem and self-compassion.
• We now need to replicate results with clinical groups, and examine longevity of effects, to determine clinical implications.

Background & objectivesCognitive models of paranoia incorporate many of the processes implicated in the maintenance of anxiety disorders. Despite this, the role of mental imagery in paranoia remains under-researched. The current study examined the impact of a self-imagery manipulation in people with high non-clinical paranoia.MethodsWe used a mixed design with one between-subjects variable (type of self-imagery) and one within-subjects variable (time – pre and post imagery manipulation). Thirty participants with high trait paranoia were allocated alternately to a positive or negative self-imagery condition. Scripts were used to elicit positive and negative self-imagery. All participants completed self-report state measures of paranoia, mood, self-esteem and self-compassion.ResultsGroup by time interaction effects were found for each of the dependent variables. Positive imagery led to less state paranoia, anxiety and negative affect, and more positive affect, self-esteem and self-compassion, compared with the negative imagery group.LimitationsThis was a non-blind study, limited by allocation method and a brief time-frame which did not allow us to assess longevity of effects. We recruited a relatively small and predominantly female sample of people with high non-clinical paranoia. The study did not include a neutral control condition, a low paranoia comparison group, or a manipulation check following the imagery task.ConclusionsSelf-imagery manipulations may affect paranoia, mood and self-beliefs. If the findings are replicated with clinical groups, and maintained over a longer period, this would suggest that imagery-based interventions targeting persecutory delusions might be usefully examined.

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