Learning about language and speech from Deep Brain Stimulation

Neuroscientific concepts of language mostly focus on distributed networks, comprising various cortical areas that operate distinct linguistic processes. The role of subcortical structures in these networks is largely hypothetical, whereas their relevance in motor processing is certain. In this context, considerable evidence could be obtained from Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a therapy for different movement disorders. In DBS, the functional state of basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei is modulated by electrical impulses via electrodes implanted therein. Of note, these structures have been suggested to support speech and language functions. Indeed, DBS influences linguistic capacities and thus provides completely new insights into relations between biolinguistic functions and subcortical neuroanatomy. In this review important findings in this field shall be surveyed with respect to current models of language and speech.

► We review the impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on language and speech capacities.
► Data corroborate roles of basal ganglia and thalamus for biolinguistic capacities.
► This is specified against the background of influential biolinguistic models.