A phylogenetic analysis of Pseudonaja (Hydrophiinae, Elapidae, Serpentes) based on mitochondrial DNA sequences

A phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial ND4 and adjacent tRNA sequences for a geographically extensive series of specimens reveals nine major clades within Pseudonaja, of which six are largely coincident with nominal taxa (P. affinis, P. guttata, P. inframacula, P. ingrami, P. modesta, and P. textilis). The remaining three clades are composed of specimens presently referred to P. nuchalis. Two of these clades correspond with the 'Darwin' and 'Southern' morphs of previous authors, while the third clade incorporates the 'Orange with black head' and 'Pale head, grey nape' morphs. We are unable to confirm the presence of consistent karyotypic differences between 'Orange with black head' and 'Pale head, grey nape' specimens, however, P. inframacula, P. textilis, and P. nuchalis 'Darwin' are found to exhibit distinctive karyotypes, as previously reported. These results, in conjunction with additional observations of karyotpic and morphological variation, are consistent with nine historically-independent lineages (i.e., species) within Pseudonaja. There is strong support for a clade composed of P. affinis, P. inframacula, P. ingrami, P. textilis, and the three P. nuchalis lineages, and for the relationships (P. inframacula, P. nuchalis 'Southern') and (P. nuchalis 'Darwin', P. nuchalis 'Orange with black head'-'Pale head, grey nape').